Energy Reference Sheet

Common units: joules (J), kilojoules (kJ), watt-hours (Wh), kilowatt-hours (kWh), calories (cal), kilocalories (kcal), BTU, foot-pounds (ft·lbf), electronvolts (eV).

Conversions

Metric (SI)

  • 1 kilojoule (kJ) = 1,000 J
  • 1 megajoule (MJ) = 1,000,000 J
  • 1 gigajoule (GJ) = 1,000,000,000 J
  • 1 Wh = 3,600 J · 1 kWh = 3.6×10⁶ J · 1 MWh = 3.6×10⁹ J

Practical units

  • 1 calorie (cal) ≈ 4.184 J · 1 kilocalorie (kcal) ≈ 4,184 J
  • 1 BTU (IT) ≈ 1,055.056 J
  • 1 foot-pound (ft·lbf) ≈ 1.35582 J
  • 1 eV = 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ J

Quick benchmarks

Common units (in J)

Unit Symbol In J
Joule J 1
Kilojoule kJ 1,000
Megajoule MJ 1,000,000
Gigajoule GJ 1,000,000,000
Watt-hour Wh 3,600
Kilowatt-hour kWh 3,600,000
Megawatt-hour MWh 3,600,000,000
Calorie (thermochemical) cal 4.184
Kilocalorie kcal 4,184
British thermal unit (IT) BTU 1,055.056
Foot-pound ft·lbf 1.35582
Electronvolt eV 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹