Data Reference Sheet

Decimal (SI) — bytes

• 1 kB = 1,000 B
• 1 MB = 1,000,000 B
• 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 B
• 1 TB = 10¹² B · 1 PB = 10¹⁵ B

Binary (IEC) — bytes

• 1 KiB = 1,024 B
• 1 MiB = 1,048,576 B
• 1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 B
• 1 TiB = 1,099,511,627,776 B · 1 PiB = 2⁵⁰ B

Bits → Bytes

• 1 bit = 0.125 B (8 bits = 1 B)
• 1 Mbit = 125,000 B
• 100 Mbps = 12.5 MB/s

Bytes → Bits

• 1 B = 8 bits
• 1 GB ≈ 0.931 GiB (dec → bin)
• 1 GiB ≈ 1.074 GB (bin → dec)

Quick benchmarks

• Light web page: 500 kB–2 MB
• Phone photo (12 MP): 2–5 MB
• 1080p video ~5–10 Mbps (stream)
• 4K video ~15–30 Mbps (stream)

Table: factors to bytes (B)